1834 - Sir George Richard Dibbs, Premier of New South Wales on three occasions, is born.
1838 - Lieutenant George Gawler arrives in South Australia to take over as Governor of the colony from John Hindmarsh.
1838 - A deed for 1,000 acres at Canberra is issued to Joshua John Moore (Canberry).
1839 - The Rev. J. C. Grylls, who had been authorised to grant marriage licences, arrives in Melbourne.
1846 – Bushranger Lawrence Kavenagh is executed by hanging.
1849 - An Order-in-Council authorises the issue of postage stamps in New South Wales. The first stamps were issued on January 1, 1850.
1851 - The first service of the Congregational Church in West Maitland is held in a small slab building near High-street railway station, and was conducted by the first pastor, Rev. J. T. Waraker, assisted by Rev. Dr. Ross and Rev. J. Beazley, of Sydney.
1854 - Bentley's Eureka Hotel in Ballarat is burnt down by the goldminers during the riot following the discharge of the licensee, Bentley, who had been charged with the murder of a miner, James Scobie.
1859 - First election of Brisbane Municipal Council. John Petrie is chosen Mayor.
1859 - Circuit Courts proclaimed at Ipswich, Drayton, and Maryborough, Queensland.
1864 - First lodge of the Sons of Temperance is established in Sydney.
1872 - Hanged at Albany, Peter McKean (alias William McDonald), for the murder of William "Yorkie" Marriott on 30 June 1872 at Slab Hut Gully (Tunney), between Kojonup and Cranbrook.
1879 - Bishop Banion is granted permission to bring 50 Mennonite families to Queensland.
1884 - Hanged at Perth Goal, Henry Benjamin Haynes, for the murder of his wife Mary Ann Haynes at Perth on 12 October 1883.
1890 - The City Tabernacle in Brisbane is opened.
1891 - Free Labour Bureau opens in Brisbane.
1898 - James R. Dickson becomes Premier of Queensland.
1906 - Messrs. Isaacs and Higgins are appointed to the Federal High Court.
1912 – A fire at Mount Lyell, Tasmania, traps miners underground, killing 42 men.
1917 - Captain C. Jeffries, 34th Battalion, originally from Wallsend, New South Wales, wins the Victoria Cross at Passchendaele, Belgium. It was a posthumous award.
1918 - Australian children's classic "The Magic Pudding" is first published.
1923 – Cairns, Queensland is proclaimed a city.
1925 - Waterside workers at Bundaberg, Rockhampton, and Mackay, Queensland, abandon the rotary system and resume work.
1926 - Numerous bush fires around Brisbane enveloping the city in smoke.
1949 - Work starts on Menindie Dam in New South Wales.
1954 - Foundation stone laid for first permanent building at Canberra University College - Haydon-Allen Building.
1982 – The National Gallery of Australia is opened in Canberra.
1985 – Canon Arthur Marshall became the first Aboriginal bishop in Australia.
1988 – Two police officers are killed in the Walsh Street police shootings.
2002 – Eighty-eight Australians are killed in the Bali bombings.
2003 – Death of Jim Cairns, Deputy Prime Minister in the Whitlam government, aged 89.
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Sources:
- Australian War Memorial
- South Australian Historians
- This Day in History
- Anniversaries To-Day (1933, October 12). Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954), p. 6.
- Anniversaries To-Day (1934, October 12). Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954), p. 10.
- On this day (1965, October 12). The Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995), p. 2.
- To-day's Yesterdays (1933, October 12). The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1931 - 1954), p. 10.
- Today's Yesterdays (1933, October 12). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 6.
- To-day's Yesterdays (1934, October 12). The Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954), p. 14.
- Today's Anniversaries (1930, October 11). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 8 (SECOND EDITION).
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